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Central atom may exhibit sp^(3) hybridis...

Central atom may exhibit `sp^(3)` hybridisation in how many of the following species:
(a)`CO_(2)` , (b)Graphite , ( c)Diamond , (d)`CO`
(e)`H_(3)BO_(3) (aq)` , (f)Zeolites `(Si`-central) , (g)Silicones `(Si)`
(h)Chlorosilane `(Si)`
(i)Borax (Boron) , (j) `Al_(2)Cl_(6)` , (k)`B_(2)H_(6)` , (l)`SiO_(2)`
(m)`H_(2)CO_(3)` , (n)`COCl_(2)` , (o)`CH_(4)` , (p)`C Cl_(4)`

Text Solution

AI Generated Solution

The correct Answer is:
To determine how many of the given species exhibit `sp^(3)` hybridization, we will analyze each species one by one. 1. **CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide)**: - Structure: O=C=O - Hybridization: Carbon is bonded to two oxygen atoms with double bonds, hence it is `sp` hybridized. 2. **Graphite**: - Structure: Layers of carbon atoms bonded in a planar structure. - Hybridization: Each carbon atom is bonded to three other carbon atoms in a planar arrangement, hence it is `sp²` hybridized. 3. **Diamond**: - Structure: Each carbon atom is tetrahedrally bonded to four other carbon atoms. - Hybridization: Therefore, carbon in diamond is `sp³` hybridized. 4. **CO (Carbon Monoxide)**: - Structure: C≡O - Hybridization: Carbon is bonded to one oxygen atom with a triple bond and has one lone pair, making it `sp` hybridized. 5. **H₃BO₃ (Boric Acid)**: - Structure: B(OH)₃ - Hybridization: Boron is bonded to three hydroxyl groups, hence it is `sp²` hybridized. 6. **Zeolites (Si-central)**: - Structure: SiO₄ tetrahedra connected by oxygen atoms. - Hybridization: Silicon is bonded to four oxygen atoms, hence it is `sp³` hybridized. 7. **Silicones (Si)**: - Structure: Si-O-Si chains with organic groups. - Hybridization: Each silicon atom is bonded to four groups (either R groups or oxygen), hence it is `sp³` hybridized. 8. **Chlorosilane (Si)**: - Structure: SiCl₄ or similar. - Hybridization: Silicon is bonded to four groups (two Cl and two R groups), hence it is `sp³` hybridized. 9. **Borax (Boron)**: - Structure: Na₂B₄O₇·10H₂O - Hybridization: One boron atom is `sp³` hybridized while the others are `sp²` hybridized. 10. **Al₂Cl₆ (Aluminum Chloride)**: - Structure: Dimeric form where each aluminum is bonded to four chlorines. - Hybridization: In the dimerized form, aluminum exhibits `sp³` hybridization. 11. **B₂H₆ (Diborane)**: - Structure: B-H bonds with a unique bridging structure. - Hybridization: Each boron atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms, hence it is `sp³` hybridized. 12. **SiO₂ (Silicon Dioxide)**: - Structure: Network solid with tetrahedral SiO₄ units. - Hybridization: Silicon is bonded to four oxygen atoms, hence it is `sp³` hybridized. 13. **H₂CO₃ (Carbonic Acid)**: - Structure: H₂C(=O)(OH)₂ - Hybridization: Carbon is bonded to three groups (two OH and one C=O), hence it is `sp²` hybridized. 14. **COCl₂ (Phosgene)**: - Structure: C(=O)(Cl)₂ - Hybridization: Carbon is bonded to two chlorine atoms and one carbonyl oxygen, hence it is `sp²` hybridized. 15. **CH₄ (Methane)**: - Structure: Tetrahedral with four hydrogen atoms. - Hybridization: Carbon is bonded to four hydrogen atoms, hence it is `sp³` hybridized. 16. **CCl₄ (Carbon Tetrachloride)**: - Structure: Tetrahedral with four chlorine atoms. - Hybridization: Carbon is bonded to four chlorine atoms, hence it is `sp³` hybridized. ### Summary of Hybridization: - **sp³ Hybridized**: Diamond, Zeolites, Silicones, Chlorosilane, one Boron in Borax, Al₂Cl₆, B₂H₆, SiO₂, CH₄, CCl₄ - **Total Count of sp³ Hybridized Species**: 10 ### Final Answer: The central atom may exhibit `sp^(3)` hybridization in **10** of the given species.

To determine how many of the given species exhibit `sp^(3)` hybridization, we will analyze each species one by one. 1. **CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide)**: - Structure: O=C=O - Hybridization: Carbon is bonded to two oxygen atoms with double bonds, hence it is `sp` hybridized. 2. **Graphite**: - Structure: Layers of carbon atoms bonded in a planar structure. ...
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