Aniline can be obtained by reduction of nitrobenzene with

Options

A. Stannous chloride and hydrochloric acid
B. hydrogen ,Pt
C. Zinc and sodium hydroxide
D. Zinc and ammonium chloride

Answer

To determine how aniline can be obtained from the reduction of nitrobenzene, we will follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the Reactants**:
- The starting compound is nitrobenzene, which has the chemical formula C6H5NO2. It contains a benzene ring (C6H5) with a nitro group (NO2) attached.

2. **Understand the Reduction Process**:
- The reduction of nitrobenzene involves converting the nitro group (NO2) into an amino group (NH2) to form aniline (C6H5NH2).

3. **Choose the Reducing Agent**:
- Common reducing agents for this reaction include hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst (like platinum, palladium, or nickel) or metals such as tin (Sn) in combination with hydrochloric acid (HCl).

4. **Write the Reaction**:
- Using hydrogen gas and a platinum catalyst, the reaction can be represented as:
\[ \text{C6H5NO2} + \text{H2} \xrightarrow{\text{Pt}} \text{C6H5NH2} + \text{H2O} \]
- Alternatively, using tin and hydrochloric acid:
\[ \text{C6H5NO2} + \text{Sn} + \text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{C6H5NH2} + \text{SnCl2} + \text{H2O} \]

5. **Evaluate the Options**:
- From the options given:
- Stannous chloride and HCl (this is correct as it involves tin and HCl).
- Hydrogen in the presence of platinum (this is also correct).
- Zinc in the presence of sodium hydroxide (not commonly used for this reduction).
- Zinc in the presence of ammonium chloride (not commonly used for this reduction).

6. **Conclusion**:
- The correct methods to reduce nitrobenzene to aniline are using either stannous chloride with hydrochloric acid or hydrogen gas with a platinum catalyst.

### Final Answer:
Aniline can be obtained by the reduction of nitrobenzene with:
- Stannous chloride and HCl
- Hydrogen in the presence of platinum catalyst