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int (2x-sin 2x)/(1-cos 2x) dx...

`int (2x-sin 2x)/(1-cos 2x) dx`

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To solve the integral \( \int \frac{2x - \sin 2x}{1 - \cos 2x} \, dx \), we can follow these steps: ### Step 1: Simplify the Integral We start with the integral: \[ \int \frac{2x - \sin 2x}{1 - \cos 2x} \, dx \] Using the trigonometric identities: - \( \sin 2x = 2 \sin x \cos x \) - \( 1 - \cos 2x = 2 \sin^2 x \) We can rewrite the integral as: \[ \int \frac{2x - 2 \sin x \cos x}{2 \sin^2 x} \, dx \] This simplifies to: \[ \int \frac{x - \sin x \cos x}{\sin^2 x} \, dx \] ### Step 2: Split the Integral Now, we can split the integral into two parts: \[ \int \frac{x}{\sin^2 x} \, dx - \int \frac{\sin x \cos x}{\sin^2 x} \, dx \] This further simplifies to: \[ \int x \csc^2 x \, dx - \int \cot x \, dx \] ### Step 3: Integrate Each Part 1. **Integrate \( \int x \csc^2 x \, dx \)** using integration by parts: - Let \( u = x \) and \( dv = \csc^2 x \, dx \) - Then \( du = dx \) and \( v = -\cot x \) Using integration by parts: \[ \int u \, dv = uv - \int v \, du \] we have: \[ \int x \csc^2 x \, dx = -x \cot x - \int -\cot x \, dx \] This simplifies to: \[ -x \cot x + \int \cot x \, dx \] 2. **Integrate \( \int \cot x \, dx \)**: \[ \int \cot x \, dx = \ln |\sin x| + C \] ### Step 4: Combine the Results Now, substituting back into our integral: \[ \int \frac{2x - \sin 2x}{1 - \cos 2x} \, dx = -x \cot x + \int \cot x \, dx - \int \cot x \, dx \] The \( \int \cot x \, dx \) terms cancel out, leaving us with: \[ -x \cot x + C \] ### Final Answer Thus, the final result of the integral is: \[ \int \frac{2x - \sin 2x}{1 - \cos 2x} \, dx = -x \cot x + C \]
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