What is pasteurization? Explain the process in detail.

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Definition of Pasteurization:**
Pasteurization is a preservation technique that involves heating a liquid to a specific temperature for a certain period of time to kill harmful microorganisms without significantly affecting the quality of the liquid.

2. **Discovery:**
The process of pasteurization was discovered by the French scientist Louis Pasteur in the 19th century. He developed this method to improve the safety and shelf life of food and beverages, particularly milk and wine.

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