What is aqua regia?

Options

A. It is mixture of con. `HNO_(3)` and `H_(2)SO_(4)` (1:3)
B. It is a mixture of HCl and `HNO_(3)(3:1)`
C. It is a mixture of HCl and `H_(2)SO_(4)(3:1)`
D. It is a mixture of `HNO_(3)` and `H_(2)SO_(4)(1:3)`

Explanation

**Step-by-Step Text Solution:**

1. **Definition of Aqua Regia:**
Aqua regia is a highly corrosive mixture of two strong acids. It is known for its ability to dissolve noble metals like gold and platinum.

2. **Components of Aqua Regia:**
The two acids that make up aqua regia are hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3).

3. **Proportions of the Acids:**
The typical ratio of hydrochloric acid to nitric acid in aqua regia is 3:1. This means for every three parts of HCl, there is one part of HNO3.

4. **Chemical Reaction:**
When mixed, these acids create a powerful solution that can dissolve metals that are usually resistant to acids.

5. **Uses of Aqua Regia:**
Aqua regia is primarily used in industrial applications, such as metal refining and etching. It is also used in laboratories for cleaning glassware and in some cases for opening certain types of locks.

6. **Safety Precautions:**
Due to its highly corrosive nature, aqua regia must be handled with extreme care, using appropriate safety equipment such as gloves and goggles.