Explain the difference in properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structures.

Explanation

An atomic electron is equivalent to a current loop which has orbital magnetic moment. Further, electron spin givesrise to the spin magnetic moment. The magnetic moment of an atom is equal to the vector sum of the magnetic moments of all its electron.
The electronic configuration in an atom of a diamagnetic material is such that the vector sum of the orbital and spin magnetic moments of all the electrons is zero. Thus, the atomic magnatic moment is zero. Hence, a diamagnetic matrial hasno intrinsin magnetic moment assoiated with it.
When a diamagnetic matrial is placed in a magnetic field, the oribting electrons are accelerated or decelerated depending on their sense of revolution. For the electrons that are speeded up, the magnetic moment increases and for the those that are slowed, the magnetic moment dereases. Thus each atom acquires a net magentic moment and the diamagnetic matrial is weakly mgnetized. The induced magnetic moment is opposite in direction to the applied field.
Diamagnetic is the weakest magnetic phenomenon. Hence, although diamagnetism is a universal property, it can be detected only in the4 absence of properties reesulting in paramagnetism and ferromagnetism.