What is the orientation of ferromagnetic material below curie temprature

Options

A. Magnetization is zero
B. Magnetic dipole are randomly distributed
C. Material is paramagnetic
D. Magnetic dipole are aligned parellel

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Ferromagnetic Materials**:
- Ferromagnetic materials are substances that exhibit strong magnetic properties due to the alignment of their atomic magnetic moments. Each atom in a ferromagnetic material has a magnetic moment due to the spin and orbital motion of electrons.

2. **Curie Temperature**:
- The Curie temperature (Tc) is a critical temperature at which a ferromagnetic material transitions to a paramagnetic state. Below this temperature, the material retains its ferromagnetic properties.

3. **Behavior Below Curie Temperature**:
- Below the Curie temperature, the magnetic moments of the atoms in a ferromagnetic material tend to align parallel to each other. This alignment occurs because of the exchange interaction between adjacent atomic magnetic moments, leading to the formation of magnetic domains.

4. **Formation of Magnetic Domains**:
- In ferromagnetic materials, these domains are regions where the magnetic moments of atoms are uniformly aligned. The overall magnetization of the material is a result of the sum of the magnetic moments in these domains.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, below the Curie temperature, the orientation of ferromagnetic material is such that the magnetic dipoles (moments) are aligned parallel to each other within the domains. This results in a net magnetic moment for the material.

### Final Answer:
The orientation of ferromagnetic material below the Curie temperature is that the magnetic dipoles are aligned parallel to each other, forming domains.