UP Class 12 Physics Syllabus & Exam Pattern (2026)

Unit No.

Unit Name

Marks

Topics Covered (English Translation)

1

Electrostatics

08

Electric charge, conservation of charge, Coulomb’s law, force between point charges, superposition principle, continuous charge distribution, electric field & field lines, electric flux, Gauss's theorem and applications: infinite line charge, uniformly charged sheet, hollow cylinder; electric potential, potential energy, equipotential surfaces.

2

Current Electricity

07

Electric current, drift velocity, mobility, Ohm's law, resistivity, V-I characteristics, electric power, EMF & internal resistance, combination of cells, series/parallel, Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge, Kirchhoff’s laws, simple numerical problems.

3

Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism

08

Magnetic field, Biot–Savart law, Ampere’s law, magnetic field in a circular loop, solenoid & toroid, Lorentz force, motion of charged particle in magnetic field, torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, moving coil galvanometer, conversion to ammeter & voltmeter.

4

Electromagnetic Induction & Alternating Current

08

Faraday’s laws, Lenz’s law, induced EMF, self & mutual inductance, AC current, phase, reactance, impedance, LCR circuit, AC power, wattless current, transformer, AC generator.

5

Electromagnetic Waves

04

Displacement current, electromagnetic spectrum: radio waves, microwaves, visible, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays; properties & uses.

Unit No.

Unit Name

Marks

Topics Covered (English Translation)

6

Optics

13

Reflection, refraction, mirror formula, lens formula, total internal reflection, refractive index, prism refraction, Huygens’ principle, interference (Young’s double slit experiment), diffraction, polarization & uses.

7

Dual Nature of Radiation & Matter

06

Photoelectric effect, Einstein's equation, particle nature of light, wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength.

8

Atoms & Nuclei

08

Thomson model, Rutherford model, Bohr model, hydrogen spectrum, radioactive decay, alpha, beta, gamma radiation, nuclear fission & fusion, mass defect & binding energy.

9

Electronic Devices

08

Semiconductor physics, intrinsic/extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction diode, forward & reverse bias, Zener diode, transistor, logic gates (basic), rectifier (half & full wave).