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NCERT SolutionsCBSE NotesCBSE Exam
MSBSHSE
Class 12
Biology
Syllabus And Exam Pattern

MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus & Exam Pattern: Complete Guide (2026)

Biology is a fundamental subject for students pursuing careers in the fields of medicine, biotechnology, pharmacy, agriculture, or the environmental sciences. Students from the Maharashtra HSC should diligently study the MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus and Exam Pattern for 2026 to do well on the board exam as well as the competitive entrance tests. 

This guide has everything you need from a thorough discussion of the Syllabus, the confirmed exam date, and the official blueprint, to effective methods of preparation to ensure you do well on the Biology exam.

1.0MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Exam Date 2026

The Maharashtra State Board (MSBSHSE) has formally published the exam date for HSC Science stream. The Biology exam has been in the middle of the timetable so that students will have enough time for revision. Students must finish their relaxation by full-length revision by mid-February as well as taking the last week to go over questions from past years, to practice drawing diagrams, and to reinforce concepts.

Exam Component

Date

Time

Biology (Theory)

February 25, 2026

11:00 AM – 2:00 PM

Practical & Viva Exams

January 23 – February 9, 2026

Conducted by Schools/Colleges

2.0MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2026

The HSC Biology syllabus is divided into two core parts:

Botany (Plant Biology)

Zoology (Animal Biology)

A total of 15 chapters form the official MSBSHSE syllabus.

Botany Units (Plant Biology)

Chapter

Topics Covered

1. Reproduction in Lower & Higher Plants

Asexual & sexual reproduction, alternation of generations

6. Plant Water Relations

Absorption, transpiration, water potential

7. Plant Growth & Mineral Nutrition

Plant hormones, essential nutrients, deficiency symptoms

11. Enhancement of Food Production

Plant breeding, tissue culture, GM crops

12. Biotechnology – Principles & Processes

rDNA technology, PCR, cloning vectors

13. Biotechnology – Organisms & Applications

Gene therapy, transgenic organisms, industrial applications

14. Ecosystem & Energy Flow

Pyramids, biotic/abiotic components, food chains

15. Biodiversity & Conservation

Hotspots, endangered species, pollution, environmental issues

Zoology Units (Animal Biology)

Chapter

Topics Covered

2. Reproduction in Lower & Higher Animals

Human reproduction, gametogenesis, IVF

3. Inheritance & Variation

Mendelian genetics, linkage, sex-determination

4. Molecular Basis of Inheritance

DNA structure, replication, transcription, translation

5. Origin & Evolution of Life

Evolution theories, Hardy–Weinberg Law

8. Respiration & Circulation

Human respiratory & circulatory systems

9. Control & Coordination

Nervous system, endocrine regulation

10. Human Health & Diseases

Immunity, vaccination, AIDS, cancer

High-Weightage Biology Chapters

Master these first during revision. These chapters frequently appear in SA-II and LA questions:

  • Genetics & Molecular Biology (Ch. 3 & 4)
  • Human Physiology (Ch. 8 & 9)
  • Reproduction (Ch. 1 & 2)
  • Biotechnology (Ch. 12 & 13)
  • Ecology & Environment (Ch. 14 & 15)

3.0MSBSHSE Biology Exam Pattern 2026 (Blueprint)

Biology is evaluated for 100 marks, divided into:

  • 70 Marks – Theory (Written Exam)
  • 30 Marks – Practical/Internal Assessment

Theory vs Practical Marks Distribution

Component

Marks

Duration

Passing Rule

Theory Paper

70

3 Hours

Must pass theory + practical combined

Practical/Internal

30

Conducted at college

Minimum total 35 marks required

Students must clear combined components.

Section-Wise Question Paper Structure (70 Marks)

The official blueprint includes 47 questions, of which 37 must be attempted.

Section

Question Type

Marks/Question

Attempt

Total Marks

A

MCQs + Very Short Answers

1

18 Q (10 MCQ + 8 VSA)

18

B

Short Answer I (SA-I)

2

8 out of 12

16

C

Short Answer II (SA-II)

3

8 out of 12

24

D

Long Answer (LA)

4

3 out of 5

12

TOTAL

—

—

37/47

70 Marks

Key Blueprint Insights

  • SA-II (24 marks) + LA (12 marks) = Highest scoring sections
  • Diagrams are mandatory in long answers
  • Section A offers 18 easy scoring marks

Ample internal choices in B, C, D

Exam Guide for Biology

MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Exam Overview

MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus & Exam Pattern

MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Sample Papers

MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Previous Year Papers

MSBSHSE Class 12 Biology Preparation Tips


MSBSHSE Class 12 All Subjects

MSBSHSE Class 12 Physics

MSBSHSE Class 12 Maths

MSBSHSE Class 12 Chemistry


Other State Boards

Maharashtra – MSBSHSE

Bihar – BSEB

Madhya Pradesh – MPBSE

Uttar Pradesh – UPMSP


Test Prep Study Materials

Maths

Physics

Chemistry

Biology

JEE Previous Year Papers

JEE Sample Papers

JEE Mock Test

NEET Previous Year Papers

NEET Sample Papers

NEET Mock Test

Frequently Asked Questions

The Biology Theory exam will take place on February 25, 2026, between 11:00 AM - 2:00 PM.

70 marks - theory, 30 marks - practical : Total = 100 marks

You must pass combined theory + practical with not less than 35/100.

SA-II, section C → 24 marks; LA, section D → 12 marks

3 hours (180 minutes) for theory.

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