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Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer or GIFT is an In-vivo fertilization technique, firstly performed by Steptoe & Edwards and later by Ricardo Asch. The ovum is collected from the ovary and transferred into the fallopian tube of the same female or female who can’t produce but can provide a suitable environment for fertilization; this is called GIFT.
1.0GIFT Procedure
- Stimulation of the ovaries: The woman must take fertility drug injections to stimulate her ovaries to produce multiple eggs.
- Monitoring & Egg Retrieval: The doctor will monitor the development of eggs through blood tests & ultrasound, and once they are matured, they are retrieved through follicular aspiration.
- Sperm collection: Sperms are collected from the male partner around the same time as egg retrieval.
- Mixing of gametes: After retrieval of both sperms & eggs, they are mixed. The mixture of egg & sperms (gametes) is then placed in a catheter.
- Transfer to the fallopian tubes: Gametes are transferred directly into the fallopian tubes using a laparoscope.
- Fertilization & Implantation: Fertilization occurs naturally within the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg (embryo) travels down the tube & implants itself in the uterus.
2.0Advantages of GIFT
- Fertilization occurs naturally within the body, in the fallopian tubes.
- There’s no need for the sperms & eggs to be cultured together in a laboratory to form embryos.
- Fallopian tubes provide a more natural & potentially better environment for fertilization.
3.0Disadvantages of GIFT
- There is no option to perform genetic testing on the embryos before implantation (genetic disorder).
- There is no diagnostic test to determine whether fertilization has occurred.
- Slightly increased risk of ectopic pregnancy.
- Lower usage and success rates.