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Morphology of Flowering Plants
The morphology refers to the study and description of the physical form and external structure of plants. Flowering plants are the most diverse and widespread group of plants but they are all characterized by the presence of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits. The morphological study of flowering plants includes several key components.
1.0Morphology of Flowering Plants Class 11 Notes
Morphology of flowering plants notes Class 11 explain the external structure and form of angiosperms in a clear and exam-oriented manner. These morphology of flowering plants notes cover the structure and functions of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, helping students understand plant organisation and classification.
Aligned with the latest NCERT syllabus, these notes focus on key concepts, definitions, and examples, making them ideal for quick revision and effective preparation for Class 11 Biology examinations.
2.0Flowering Plants
Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms, are the most diverse group of land plants, with approximately 64 orders, 416 families, over 13,000 known genera, and about 300,000 species. Flowering plants are cosmopolitan, occupying a wide range of habitats on land, in fresh water and in the sea. The underground part of the flowering plant is the root system, while the portion above the ground forms the shoot system.
3.0The Root
Root usually develops from the radicle of seed, lacking nodes and internodes. These roots are typically non-green and subterranean, exhibiting positive geotropism while showing negative phototropism. There are three types of root system.
- Tap Root System : In many dicotyledonous (dicot) plants, the radical's direct elongation forms the primary root, which then gives rise to lateral roots across various orders, known as secondary, tertiary, and so on. This entire structure, comprising the primary root and its lateral branches, is called the tap root system. An example of this is the mustard plant.
- Fibrous Root System : Typical of monocotyledonous (monocot) plants, the primary root has a brief lifespan and is superseded by a multitude of roots. These roots arise from the stem's base, creating a network that forms the fibrous root system. A common example of this root type is found in the wheat plant.
- Adventitious Root System : In certain plants, such as grass, Monstera, and the banyan tree, roots emerge from plant parts other than the radicle. These roots are termed adventitious roots.