Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies carbon-containing compounds, their properties, reactions, and synthesis.

Organic chemistry is essential for understanding the chemistry of life, pharmaceuticals, plastics, fuels, and many other materials and processes.

Functional groups are specific groups of atoms within molecules that have characteristic properties and reactivities, such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups.

Isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures or spatial arrangements, including structural isomers and stereoisomers.

Alkanes have single bonds (C-C), alkenes have double bonds (C=C), and alkynes have triple bonds (C≡C) between carbon atoms.