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CBSE Notes Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Life Processes in Plants
Plants are living organisms, and like animals, they also perform various life processes to survive. This chapter explains how plants carry out essential processes such as nutrition, respiration, transport, and reproduction.
Students learn about photosynthesis, the process by which plants make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Along with this transport system in plants, where water and minerals are absorbed by roots and transported to different parts of the plant through special tissues.
Another important topic is transpiration, which is the loss of water from leaves. This process helps in cooling the plant and maintaining the flow of water.
This CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 10 highlights the importance of plants in maintaining ecological balance. It encourages students to appreciate plants and understand their role in supporting life on Earth.
1.0Download CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Notes: Free PDF
Get the notes for CBSE Class 7 Science Chapter 10: Life Processes in Plants. PDF to learn about how plants photosynthesise, breathe, and move things around. The notes have clear examples and explanations. Great for going over ideas and making them stronger.
2.0Life Processes in Plants Class 7 Science Chapter 10 – Revision Notes
Plants make their own food through photosynthesis using sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll. They also transport water, minerals and food through special tissues and release energy through respiration.
Key Concepts:
- Nutrition in Plants: Green plants make their own food through photosynthesis and are called autotrophs.
- Photosynthesis: Plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and chlorophyll to prepare food and release oxygen.
- Storage of Food: The sugar produced during photosynthesis is stored as starch.
- Requirements for Photosynthesis: Sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water are essential for food production.
- Role of Leaves: Leaves are the main sites of photosynthesis. Tiny pores called stomata help in gas exchange.
- Transport of Water and Minerals: Xylem carries water and dissolved minerals from roots to other plant parts.
- Transport of Food: Phloem carries food prepared in leaves to other parts of the plant.
- Respiration in Plants: Plants break down glucose to release energy. Respiration occurs in living plant parts during the day and night.
- Types of Respiration: Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen.
Photosynthesis and Food Production:
Green plants prepare their own food through photosynthesis and are called autotrophs. Leaves use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll to produce sugar and release oxygen. Some of this sugar is stored as starch.
Requirements for Photosynthesis:
Photosynthesis requires sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide and water. Sunlight provides energy, chlorophyll absorbs light, carbon dioxide enters through stomata, and roots absorb water from the soil. All four are essential for food production in plants.
Testing Leaves for Starch:
The iodine test helps detect starch in leaves. When iodine is added, a leaf containing starch turns blue-black. In the textbook activity, part of a destarched leaf is covered and the plant is kept in sunlight. Only the exposed part turns blue-black, showing that sunlight is needed for starch formation.
Role of Chlorophyll, Carbon Dioxide and Water:
Textbook experiments demonstrate the role of different requirements for photosynthesis. In variegated leaves, the green parts turn blue-black during the iodine test, showing the importance of chlorophyll. In another activity, caustic soda absorbs carbon dioxide, preventing normal starch formation in the enclosed leaf. The chapter also shows that plants need water and sunlight for healthy growth.
Stomata and Gas Exchange:
Stomata are tiny pores on leaves that allow gases to move in and out. Each stoma is surrounded by two guard cells that control its opening and closing. Carbon dioxide enters through stomata for photosynthesis, while oxygen can be released. Stomata can be observed by examining a thin leaf peel under a microscope.
Transport of Water and Minerals:
Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. Xylem transports them to the stem, leaves and other plant parts. In the textbook activity, a twig placed in coloured water shows the colour moving through the stem and into the leaves, demonstrating how water is transported.
Transport of Food:
Phloem carries food prepared in the leaves to other parts of the plant. This food supports growth and other life processes, and some is stored in roots, stems and seeds. Remember that xylem transports water and minerals, while phloem transports food.
Respiration in Plants:
Plants release energy from food through respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, water and energy. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen. Respiration takes place in living plant cells during both day and night.
Experiments Showing Gas Release:
In the Hydrilla activity, bubbles collect in an inverted test tube when the plant is kept in sunlight, showing oxygen release during photosynthesis. In another activity, carbon dioxide released by germinating seeds turns lime water milky. These experiments demonstrate gas release during photosynthesis and respiration.
3.0Chapter 10 Terminologies to Know – Life Processes in Plants:
- Autotrophs: Organisms that make their own food.
- Heterotrophs: Organisms that depend on other organisms for food.
- Photosynthesis: The process by which plants prepare food using sunlight.
- Chlorophyll: The green pigment that absorbs light energy.
- Stomata: Tiny pores on leaves that help exchange gases.
- Guard Cells: Cells that control the opening and closing of stomata.
- Destarching: Removing stored starch from leaves by keeping a plant in darkness.
- Variegated Leaves: Leaves with patches of different colours.
- Xylem: Tissue that transports water and minerals.
- Phloem: Tissue that transports food.
- Diffusion: Movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
- Aerobic Respiration: Breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy.
- Anaerobic Respiration: Breakdown of food without oxygen to release energy.
4.0Learning Guide for Class 7 Science – Life Processes in Plants:
- Sunlight and Photosynthesis: Cover part of a destarched leaf with black paper and place the plant in sunlight. Observation: In the iodine test, the uncovered part turns blue-black, showing that sunlight is needed for starch formation.
- Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis: Test variegated leaves for starch. Observation: The green patches exposed to sunlight turn blue-black, showing the role of chlorophyll.
- Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthesis: Caustic soda absorbs carbon dioxide inside a bottle. Observation: The enclosed part of the leaf does not turn blue-black in the iodine test.
- Water and Sunlight: Compare plants grown with water and sunlight, without water, and without sunlight. Observation: The plant receiving both water and sunlight grows better.
- Oxygen Release: Place a water plant such as Hydrilla under a funnel in water. Observation: Bubbles collect in an inverted test tube in sunlight, indicating oxygen release.
- Observing Stomata: Examine a thin peel from the lower surface of a leaf under a microscope. Observation: Tiny pores called stomata become visible.
- Water Transport: Place a plant twig in coloured water. Observation: The colour moves through the stem and into the leaves, demonstrating water transport through xylem.
- Respiration in Seeds: Keep germinating seeds in a flask connected to lime water. Observation: The lime water turns milky as carbon dioxide is released during respiration.
Safety Rules:
- Alcohol is highly flammable.
- Caustic soda can burn the skin.
- These experiments need adult supervision and safe laboratory handling.
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8.0Key Features of Chapter 10: Life Processes in Plants
- Photosynthesis: This is how plants make food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
- Transport System: Explains how xylem and phloem move water and nutrients around.
- Plants breathe: This explains how plants get energy from food.
- Transpiration: This is the process by which leaves lose water and why it is important.
- Mineral Nutrition: Talks about why plants need certain nutrients to grow.
- Ecological Importance: Talks about how plants help keep the environment in balance.