NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Development

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Economics Chapter 1 – Development helps students learn about how people’s lives can be improved in different ways. This chapter discusses what development means to different people, how we measure development using indicators like income, health, and education, and how countries compare with one another. It also explains the idea of sustainable development and why it's important for our future.

These NCERT Solutions are useful for understanding the key concepts clearly and answering textbook questions easily. The answers are written in simple words so that every Class 10 student can understand without difficulty. These solutions follow the official NCERT textbook and are great for revision and exam preparation.

1.0Download NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 Development : Free PDF

Download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 Development in our free PDF, expertly crafted to help you understand key concepts and prepare confidently for exams.

2.0Key Concepts Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 Development  : Brief Explanation

Chapter 1 of Class 10 Economics, titled "Development", introduces students to the meaning of development, different development goals, and how development is measured. It highlights that development is not just about income but also about education, health, and equality.

• What is Development?
  Development means progress or improvement in living standards. It includes not just better income but also education, healthcare, security, and freedom.
• Different People, Different Goals:
  People have varied development goals—for some, it may be higher income, while for others it could be better health facilities, equal treatment, or a pollution-free environment.
• Income and Other Goals:
  Income is an important goal, but people also look for non-material goals like respect, security, and freedom.
• National Development:
  It refers to the development of a country. Different people may have different ideas of what contributes to national development.
• Comparison of Development:
  Countries are compared based on per capita income. This helps classify countries as rich or poor by global standards (as per World Bank).
• Limitations of Income as a Measure:
  Income alone does not reflect the real development of a country. Hence, indicators like literacy rate, life expectancy, and infant mortality rate are also considered.
• Human Development Index (HDI):
  Introduced by the UNDP, HDI is based on per capita income, education level, and life expectancy, giving a more complete picture of development.

3.0NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1: Detailed Solutions

1. Development of a country can generally be determined by (1) Its per capita income (2) Its average literacy level (3) Health status of its people (4) All the above
   Ans. (4) All of the above
2. Which of the following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human development than India? (1) Bangladesh (2) Sri Lanka (3) Nepal (4) Pakistan
   Ans. (2) Sri Lanka
3. Assume there are four families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs 5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000 respectively, what is the income of the fourth family? (1) Rs 7500 (2) Rs 3000 (3) Rs 2000 (4) Rs 6000
   Ans. (4) Rs 6000
4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any? Ans. (i) Per capita income is the criterion used by World Bank in classifying different countries. (ii) While average income is useful for comparison, it does not tell us how the income is distributed among different people, which is a limitation of this criterion.
5. In what respect is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
   Ans. UNDP uses many other factors which affect the quality of life. This gives due weight to other criteria; like infant mortality, healthcare, school enrolment, etc. So, the UNDP looks at those factors which help in improving the quality of life and helps in making the citizens more productive.
6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development. Ans. Whenever we need to analyse a big sample size, it is difficult to analyse individual data. Hence, it is important to use averages in such cases. Averages have some limitations. Average figure may not reveal the true picture. For example; the per capita income does not show the distribution of income. It does not show the percentage of poor in the population. The per capita income in India has risen significantly over the last two decades but so has the number of poor.
7. Kerala, with lower per capita income has a better human development ranking than Maharashtra. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss. Ans. In spite of being the richest state, Maharashtra shows a very high child mortality rate compared to Kerala. The net attendance ratio of children in classes 1 to 4 and literacy rate are higher in Kerala; as compared to Punjab. This explains the significantly higher child mortality rate in Maharashtra. Bihar is fairing badly against all parameters which speaks about its poor record on Human Development Index.
8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now? Ans. Firewood is used by a majority of people in rural India. LPG is the main kitchen fuel in urban India. Because of large scale deforestation, availability of firewood would become a big concern fifty years from now. So, we need to find some alternate fuel; like gobar gas for rural India. Solar power is another source which can reduce our dependency on fossil fuels and can give us security against shortage of fuel in the future.
9. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development? Ans. Development does not only mean securing a better present, but it also means securing a better future for the generations to come. Sustainable development is the development which can be sustained for many years without making undue drain on our resources. Hence, sustainability is an important aspect of development.
10. "The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even one person". How is this statement relevant to the disscusion of development? Discuss. Ans. This famous quote is from Mahatma Gandhi. We know that the earth has plenty of resources which would outlast our lifetime. But we also need to think about the future beyond our lifetime and we need to think about the future generations. If we go on exploiting our natural resources indiscriminately, then nothing would be left for the future generation. Hence, we should control our greed and take as little from the nature as is really necessary for our needs.
11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have observed around you. Ans. In my city, I can hardly see any greenery. The air quality is so bad, that many people in my neighbourhood suffer from some respiratory problem. The river which flows from the city, looks more like a filthy drain. All of this shows the level of environmental degradation.
12. The following table shows the proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal ( $\mathrm{BMI}<18.5\mathrm{kg}/{\mathrm{m}}^2$ ) in India.) It is based on a survey of various states for the year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions.

Compare the nutritional level of people in Kerala and Madhya Pradesh. Ans. People of Kerala get better nutrition than the people of Madhya Pradesh.

4.0Key Features and Benefits of Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 Development 

• Understanding Development: This chapter introduces students to the basic idea of development — what it means for different people and how it can have different goals for individuals.
• Comparison of Countries: Students learn how countries are compared based on income and other indicators like literacy rate, life expectancy, and public facilities.
• Income and Other Goals: The chapter explains that development is not just about money, but also about things like equality, freedom, security, and respect.
• Sustainable Development: Students are introduced to the concept of sustainable development and how resources should be used wisely to protect the future.
• Practical Learning: Real-life examples, tables, and data help students understand how development is measured and why certain regions grow faster than others.
• Exam-Helpful Concepts: Important terms like per capita income, Human Development Index (HDI), and public facilities are explained in simple words to help in better exam preparation.