NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 2 Federalism

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Political Science Chapter 2 Federalism is about how power is shared in democracy, it is important to understand the concept of federalism. Chapter 2 of the NCERT Class 10 Political Science (Civics) textbook explains how federalism works in India and also in other countries. The chapter describes the structure of government, the distribution of powers, as well as the value of unity in diversity. 

These NCERT Solutions have been developed to help Class 10 students with the topic of federalism. The answers are simple and in an easy to follow format. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 follow the latest NCERT curriculum so that students can complete their school work as well as prepare for board exams.

1.0Download NCERT Solutions Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Federalism : Free PDF

Download NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Federalism in our free PDF, created by experts to help you grasp key concepts and revise effectively for exams.

2.0Key Concepts Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Federalism: Brief Explanation

Federalism is a system of government in which powers are divided between a central authority and various levels of government (states, provinces, etc.)

This chapter explains 

• The meaning and features of federalism
• The distinction between unitary and federal systems
• How the federalism was adopted in India with a strong central government
• The three tier system - Union, State and Local Governments
• Distribution of Powers through Union List, State List and Concurrent List
• Significance of decentralisation and the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments for local self-governance

The chapter compares Indian federalism with other additional countries, such as Belgium and Sri Lanka, to make sense of the power-sharing in the different nations.

3.0NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2: Detailed Solutions

1. Point out one feature of federalism practised in India that is similar to and one feature that is different from that of Belgium. Ans. (i) Like Belgium, India also has regional and cultural differences, and many languages are spoken. So no one language is made the national language and equal importance is given to different cultures and languages. (ii) Though in India there are central and state governments that share power, but the centre is made stronger than the states. It has more powers. In Belgium, the state governments are not subordinate to the central government.
2. What is the main difference between a Federal form of government and a Unitary one? Explain with an example. Ans. In Federal form of government, the power is divided between the central authority and various constituent units of the country, whereas in the unitary system, there is only one level of government or if states or subdivisions are there, they are subordinate to the Central government. Example: Federal-India, Unitary - USA.
3. State two differences between the local governments before and after the Constitutional Amendment in 1992.
   Ans. The following changes took place as a result of the amendment of 1992: (i) It is mandatory now to hold regular elections after every 5 years to local government bodies. (ii) $1/3$ rd of seats are reserved for women in the elected bodies and the executive heads of these institutions.
4. Fill in the blanks
   Since the United States is a '________' type of federation, all the constituent states have equal powers and states are ___________ vis-a-vis the federal government. But India is a ________ type of federation and some states have more powers than others. In India, the ________ government has more powers. Ans. coming together, strong, holding together, Union.
5. Here are three reactions to the language policy followed in India. Give an argument and an example to support any of these positions. Sangeeta: The policy of accommodation has strengthened national unity. Arman: Language based states have divided us by making everyone conscious of their languages. Harish: The policy has only helped to consolidate the dominance of English over all other languages. Ans. I agree with Sangeeta. If the policy of accommodation was not followed, and states were not created on linguistic basis, there would have been further partition of India. For example, imposition of Hindi as the national language would have led the South to break away from the North and Tamil Nadu would have become an independent nation.
6. The distinguishing feature of a federal government is:
   (1) National government gives some powers to the provincial government.
   (2) Power is distributed among the legislature, executive and judiciary.
   (3) Elected officials exercise supreme power in the government.
   (4) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.
   Ans. (4) Governmental power is divided between different levels of government.
7. Examine the following pairs that give the level of government in India and the powers of the government at that level to make laws on the subjects mentioned against each. Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?
   (1) State government - State List
   (2) Central government - Union List
   (3) Central and State governments - Concurrent List
   (4) Local governments - Residuary Powers
   Ans. (4) Residuary powers are given to central government only.
8. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists.

4.0Key Features and Benefits of Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Federalism

• NCERT-based nature of the solutions : All questions and answers adhere to the NCERT Class 10 Civics textbook and the guidelines from the CBSE.
• Student-Friendly Language : The solutions use simple and plain words so students can understand the concepts without confusion.
• Helpful for the Exams : Covers all the short-answer and long-answer questions that feature in the textbook and aids students in writing quality answers for the examination.
• Boosting Concept Clarity : The solutions provide students an approach to better understand how the Indian Constitution allows for unity in diversity through federalism.
• Useful for quick revision : Good for last minute revision before tests and board exams.