NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource explain how people can be considered an important asset for a country. The chapter describes how education, training, and health improve the quality of human resources, leading to higher productivity and better economic growth. It also highlights the difference between working and non-working populations and the role of various sectors in employment.

These NCERT Solutions are prepared from the official NCERT textbook to help Class 9 students understand concepts in a simple and clear way. They make learning easy by breaking down topics like human capital formation, unemployment, and the benefits of investing in people, which is important for exam preparation and real-life understanding.

1.0Download NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 People as Resource : Free PDF

Download NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 People as Resource in our free PDF, created by experts to make learning simple and boost exam preparation.

2.0Important Concepts Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 People as Resource : Brief Explanation

Chapter 2 of Class 9 Economics, "People as Resource", explains how the population can be considered an asset rather than a liability when it is educated, healthy, and skilled. It focuses on the role of human capital in the economic development of a country.

• Meaning of People as Resource:
  The term refers to viewing the population as an asset that contributes to the production of goods and services, rather than as a burden.
• Human Capital Formation:
  Investment in education, training, and healthcare increases the quality of human capital, leading to higher productivity and economic growth.
• Economic Activities by Men and Women:
  Economic activities are classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors, with both men and women participating in different ways.
• Quality of Population:
  A country's progress depends on the health, literacy rate, and skills of its people. Better quality leads to greater productivity.
• Role of Education:
  Education improves knowledge, skills, and decision-making abilities, which directly contribute to better job opportunities and income.
• Health as an Important Factor:
  A healthy workforce is more productive and efficient. Access to healthcare facilities is crucial for the quality of human capital.
• Unemployment:
  The chapter also addresses the problem of disguised unemployment in rural areas and educated unemployment in urban areas.

3.0NCERT Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2: Detailed Solutions

1. What do you understand by 'people as a resource'? Ans. People as a resource is a way of referring to the country's working population in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities.
2. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital? Ans. Human resource is different from other resources like land and physical capital. Human resource refers to human capital which can make use of land and capital. Land and capital cannot become useful on their own. Population becomes a human resource when there is investment made in form of education, training and medical care. On the other hand, land is a natural resource. And physical capital includes tools, machines, buildings, raw materials, etc. Land and physical capital, therefore, are tangible.
3. What is the role of education in human capital formation? Ans. Education is the most important component of human resource development. The role of education in human capital formation can be judged from the following facts: (i) Education increases labour productivity. (ii) Education modifies /improves human behaviour. (iii) It develops personality and sense of national consciousness among the people which are important for rapid economic growth. (iv) It promotes science and technology.
4. What is the role of health in human capital formation? Ans. Role of Health in Human Capital Formation: Unhealthy persons become a liability and healthy persons prove an asset for the economy. Therefore, improvement in the health status of the population is regarded very essential. Improved health contributes to economic growth in the following ways: (i) It reduces production loss caused by worker's illness. (ii) It increases the efficiency of workers. (iii) It permits the use of natural and other resources. (iv) It increases the enrolment of children in schools and makes them better able to learn.
5. What part does health play in an individual's working life? Ans. Role of health in an individual's working life. Health is a yardstick of one's wellbeing. Efficiency of a person largely depends on his health. If a person falls sick quite often, he will not be able to do his job/work efficiently. Therefore, his income will be low. Because of low level of income, he will not be able to get proper food and proper education for his children. This will further reduce his efficiency of work and thereby income. In fact, good health improves the quality of life.
6. What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector? Ans. Classification of Economic Activities. The economic activities of an economy can broadly be classified into three main producing sectors. These are:
   Primary sector: Primary sector produces goods by exploiting natural resources. Therefore, the activities of this sector include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry and mining. Secondary sector: It converts raw materials into finished goods. It includes all manufacturing and construction activities. Tertiary sector: This sector includes trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, insurance etc. i.e. all those producing services.
7. What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
   Ans. Economic
   (i) Economic Activities bring income to their performers. (ii) Income accruing from economic activities is included in the country's national income. (iii) All there rivers passed through a varied topography, i.e. hills, plains, plateaus etc. (iv) Most rivers are fed by many east-west-flowing long tributaties.
   Non-Economic Activities.
   (i) Non-Economic Activities do not bring income to their performers. (ii) These activities are not accounted in the national income. (iii) These rivers are flowed through the rift valley. (iv) A few small tributaries joining at right angles are only found.
8. Why are women employed in low-paid work? Ans. Women in India are generally employed in low-paid work. This is because of the reason that most women have meagre education and low skill formation as compared to men. They work under insecure working conditions. Besides, Indian women prefer to work at nearby places only. Also, maternity leave. All these factors force them to work at low wages. However, women with higher education and skill formation are paid at par with men.
9. How will you explain the term unemployment? Ans. Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the current prevailing wages cannot find work/job. If some one is not interested in doing work at the ongoing wage rate or outside his/her domestic domain he/she will not be counted as unemployed.
10. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
    Ans. Disguised Unemployment
    When more persons are working in a job than actually required, the situation is termed as disguised unemployment. For example, if in an agricultural activity eight people are engaged but this work/activity actually requires the services of five people, then three persons are extra. If these three people out of eight are withdrawn, total production will remain unaffected.
    Seasonal Unemployment.
    Seasonal unemployment occurs when people are able to find jobs only during some months of the year. This kind of unemployment is generally found in the agricultural sector.
11. Why is educated unemployment a peculiar problem of India? Ans. Problem of Educated unemployment. The joblessness among the educated, i.e. matriculates and above, is called educated unemployment. Unemployment problem signifies the wastage of human resources. If unemployment is high among the educated persons the quantum of wastage of resources will be greater. This is due to investments in education and skill formation. There is a feeling of hopelessness among the educated youth. India has to spend a lot of money on education every year. People who should have been assets for the economy have turned into a liability. In this way educated unemployment is one of the big problems for India.
12. In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity? Ans. India can build the maximum employment opportunity in the agricultural sector. Agriculture is the most labour absorbing sector of the economy. Multiple cropping may help a lot in this regard.
13. Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed? Ans. Measures to Reduce Educated Unemployment. The education system in India is not employment oriented. There is too much emphasis on general education rather than vocational education. More employment exchange offices may be opened in the country. Though these employment exchanges do not directly provide employment, they are of great assistance in directing the educated job seekers to the possible areas of employment.
14. Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunity but later came up with many? Ans. There was a village inhabited by several families, Initially the village was selfreliant in the sense that each family produced all goods to meet the needs of its members. But later, it came up with many job opportunities. One of the families decided to send one of its sons to an agriculture college. After completing his education, he became an agroengineer in the village. Inspired by this, all the families of the village requested the panchayat to open a school in the village. The panchayat opened a school with the help of the government and a teacher was recruited for the school. After some time, one of the families sent its daughter for training in tailoring. After getting necessary training, she started stitching clothes for the villagers. Thus, there was another job that of a tailor in the village. In this way, many jobs were created in the village.
15. Which capital would you consider the best - land, labour, physical capital and human capital? Why? Ans. The best is Human Capital because there are countries like Japan that have invested in human resources as they did not have any natural resources. These countries are developed and rich countries. They import the natural resource needed in their country. They have invested in people especially in the field of education and health. These people have made efficient use of other resources like land and capital. Efficiency and technology evolved by people have made these countries rich and developed.

EXERCISE-01

Multiple choice questions

1. People as a resource refers to their (1) Educational skills (2) Productive skills (3) Health skills (4) None of the above
2. Investment in human capital is expenditure on (1) Education (2) Training (3) Medical care (4) All the above
3. Investment in human resource via _________ can give high rates of return in the future. (1) Education (2) Medical care (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) None of these
4. Normally a large population is considered as (1) Liability (2) Asset (3) Income (4) Useful
5. Educated parents tend to invest heavily on the education of their child because (1) They have ample amount of money (2) They want to look rich (3) They have realised the importance of education for themselves (4) They want their children to go abroad
6. A vicious cycle is created by (1) Disadvantaged parents (2) Advantages parents (3) Educated parents (4) Educated children
7. Which of the following countries have invested in human resource? (1) Pakistan (2) India (3) Sudan (4) Japan
8. Which of the following activity falls under primary sector? (1) Mining (2) Agriculture (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) None of these
9. The activities which add value to the national income are called (1) National activities (2) Non-Economic activities (3) Economic activities (4) Secondary activities
10. These activities are for self-consumption. (1) Market activities (2) Non-Market Activities (3) Primary Activities (4) All of these
11. Which of the following is an asset for the economy? (1) Literate population (2) Healthy population (3) Both (1) & (2) (4) None of these
12. Which of the following statements holds true for Education? (1) Education contributes towards the growth of society. (2) Education enhances cultural richness. (3) Education increases the efficiency of governance. (4) All of these
13. Which of the following is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all the children in the age group of 6-14 years? (1) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2) Adult Education Programme (3) Mid-day meal (4) None of the above
14. Expand GER (1) Gross Energy Ratio (2) Gross Enrolment Ratio (3) Gross Evolvement Ratio (4) Gross Engagement Ratio
15. Increase in longevity of life is an indicator of (1) Good quality of life (2) Improvement in health sector (3) Better HDI (Human Development Index) (4) All of these

True or false

1. Human capital is the stock of skill and productive knowledge embodied in them.
2. Land and capital can become useful on its own!
3. Countries like Japan have invested in natural resource. They did not have any natural resource. Now these countries are developed/rich countries. SSP042
4. The activities which are meant for selfconsumption are Non-market activities.
5. Health enhances the national income, cultural richness and increases the efficiency of governance.

Fill in the blanks

• When the existing 'human resource' is further developed by becoming more educated and healthier, we call it' __________ '.
• _________ parents are found to invest more heavily on the education of their child.
• The household work done by _________ is not recognised in the National Income.
• The _________ of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person indicated by life expectancy and skill formation acquired by the people of the country.
• Education and skill are the major determinants of the ___________ of any individual in the market.

Match the columns 1.

ANSWER KEY

Multiple choice questions

True or false

• True
• False
• False
• True
• False

Fill in the blanks

• Human Capital Formation
• Educated
• women
• quality
• earning

Match the column

• (A) $\to$ (iii) ; (B) $\to$ (vi) ; (C) $\to$ (i) ; (D) $\to$ (v) ; (E) $\to$ (iv) ; (F) $\to$ (ii)

EXERCISE-02

Short Answer Type Questions

1. People are the greatest resource that a country has. Explain.
2. Define human resource. When does a human resource become human capital?

3. How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?

4. How does an improved quality of human resource help in establishing a virtuous cycle?

5. Differentiate between Market Activities and Non-Market Activities.

6. Why are domestic services performed by women not treated as economic activities?

7. What is the Mid-day meal scheme? What are its objectives?

8. How did Japan emerge as a developed country in spite of its poor natural resource?

9. What is meant by unemployment? Name the types of unemployment that exist in rural as well as urban areas.

10. Why are women employed in low paid work?

Long Answer Type Questions

12. How the investment in Human Capital can be of immense importance for a society as a whole? State any four advantages. SSP061
13. Explain difference between vicious and virtuous cycle of life with reference to human resource.
14. What part does health play in the individual's working life?
15. What is an economic activity? What are various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector, and tertiary sector?
16. How does unemployment have a detrimental impact on the overall growth of an economy?
17. How does Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan help in improving elementary education in India?
18. Describe the steps taken to promote higher education in India.
19. What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
20. Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?
21. Discuss about the employment scenario in the three sectors in India.

4.0Key Features and Benefits of Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 People as Resource

• Role of Education and Health: Highlights the importance of investing in education and healthcare for better productivity.
• Case Studies & Examples: Uses real-life examples to make the topic easy to relate to and understand.
• Employment in Different Sectors: Explains how people are engaged in primary, secondary, and tertiary activities.
• Understanding Unemployment: Discusses the causes and effects of unemployment in India.
• Awareness Building: Encourages students to think about the importance of skill development and equal opportunities.
• Exam Support: Covers important points that help in quick revision before tests and exams.