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NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 - Anatomy of Flowering Plants
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, explain the internal structure and organisation of flowering plants. Unlike Morphology, which deals with the external parts of plants, Anatomy focuses on tissues, tissue systems, vascular bundles, and the internal structure of roots, stems, and leaves. The chapter also covers the differences between monocot and dicot plants and the role of different tissues in plant growth and transport.
NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 by ALLEN provide clear explanations of important topics such as meristematic and permanent tissues, vascular bundles, dicot and monocot anatomy, secondary growth, heartwood, sapwood, and annual rings. Students can understand the structure of plant tissues through simple explanations and learn how the vascular cambium and cork cambium contribute to secondary growth. The solutions follow the concepts given in NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 and help students prepare for questions based on plant anatomy.
1.0Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Key Concepts
Class 11 Biology Chapter 6, Anatomy of Flowering Plants, explains the internal structure of plants and the arrangement of different tissues and tissue systems. The key concepts covered in this chapter include:
- Plant Tissues: Study meristematic tissues, including apical, intercalary, and lateral meristems, along with permanent tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, xylem, and phloem.
- Tissue Systems: Understand the three main tissue systems: epidermal, ground, and vascular tissue systems, along with their structure and functions.
- Vascular Bundles: Learn about different arrangements of vascular bundles, including radial and conjoint bundles, with conjoint bundles further classified as open and closed.
- Anatomy of Dicot and Monocot Plants: Understand and compare the internal structures of dicot and monocot roots, stems, and leaves, including dorsiventral and isobilateral leaves.
- Secondary Growth: Learn how the vascular cambium and cork cambium contribute to the increase in thickness of dicot stems and roots.
- Heartwood and Sapwood: Understand the structural and functional differences between heartwood and sapwood in woody plants.
- Annual Rings: Learn how spring wood and autumn wood form annual rings and understand their importance in studying the age and growth of trees.
2.0NCERT Solutions Class 11 Biology Chapter 6 - Anatomy of Flowering Plants : Detailed Solutions
- Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between (a) Monocot root and dicot root (b) Monocot stem and dicot stem
Ans.
(a) Differences between monocot root and dicot root are illustrated in the following figure and table.
(b) Differences between monocot and dicot stems are illustrated in the following figure and table.
- Cut a transverse section of young stem of a plant from your school garden and observe it under the microscope. How would you ascertain whether it is a monocot stem or a dicot stem ? Give reasons. Ans.
- Vascular bundles in dicot stem are arranged in a ring whereas in monocot stem vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.
- On the basis of arrangement of vascular bundles it can be ascertained whether the young stem is dicot or monocot. Besides undifferentiated ground tissue, sclerenchymatous hypodermis, oval or circular vascular bundles with Y shaped xylem are other differentiating features of monocot stem.
- The transverse section of a plant material shows the following anatomical features (a) The vascular bundles are conjoint, scattered and surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath, (b) Phloem parenchyma is absent. What will you identify it as?
Ans.
- The plant material is identified as a monocot stem.
- These are characteristic features of a monocot stem:
- Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and closed.
- They are scattered in the ground tissue.
Each vascular bundle is surrounded by a sclerenchymatous bundle sheath.
- Phloem parenchyma is absent. Example: Maize stem.
- What is stomatal apparatus? Explain the structure of stomata with a labelled diagram.
Ans. Stomatal apparatus : The stomatal pore, guard cells and the surrounding subsidiary cells together constitute the stomatal apparatus. Structure of stomata : A typical stoma consists of :
- Stomatal pore
- Two guard cells
- Subsidiary cells
- The stomatal pore is surrounded by two guard cells.
- In grasses, the guard cells are dumb-bell shaped, whereas in dicots they are generally bean-shaped.
- The guard cells possess chloroplasts, whereas the other epidermal cells generally do not possess chloroplasts.
- The inner wall of the guard cell, towards the stomatal pore, is thick, while the outer wall is comparatively thin. The stomata are involved in the exchange of gases and transpiration.
- Name the three basic tissue systems in the flowering plants. Give the tissue names under each system. Ans. The three basic tissue systems in flowering plants are (1) Epidermal tissue system (2) Ground tissue system (3) Vascular tissue system (1) Epidermal tissue system comprises epidermal cells, stomata, trichomes and hairs. (2) Ground tissue system consists of cortex, endodermis, pericycle, pith and medullary rays, in the primary roots and stems. In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin walled chloroplast containing cells and is called mesophyll. (3) The vascular tissue system consists of complex tissues, the phloem and the xylem.
- How is the study of plant anatomy useful to us?
Ans. The study of plant anatomy is useful because:
- It helps us understand the internal structure and organisation of plants.
- It helps in the identification and classification of plants.
- It helps us understand the functions of different tissues.
- It helps in understanding the growth and development of plants.
- Knowledge of plant anatomy is useful in understanding secondary growth and formation of wood.
- It provides knowledge about the structural adaptations of plants.
- It has applications in agriculture, forestry and plant sciences.
- Describe the internal structure of a dorsiventral leaf with the help of labelled diagram.
Ans.
Dorsiventral leaves are found in dicots. The important anatomical features of dorsiventral leaves are discussed below:
(a) Upper epidermis : This is generally outermost single layer made of parenchymatous cells. The epidermal cells have sometimes outgrowths called papillae, e.g., in Gladiolus. The epidermal cells are devoid of chloroplast and stomata are absent on upper epidermis. (b) Lower epidermis : It is just like upper epidermis but here stomata are present. Chloroplasts are absent in lower epidermis also, except the guard cells of stomata. (c) Mesophyll : In between upper and lower epidermis mesophyll tissue is present which can be divided into two regions: (i) Palisade parenchyma : These are elongated columnar cells without intercellular spaces. These have chloroplast in them and are generally arranged in two layers. (ii) Spongy parenchyma : It is found below palisade parenchyma and are spherical or oval with intercellular spaces. They also have chloroplasts but number of chloroplasts is more in palisade parenchyma than spongy parenchyma. (d) Vascular bundles : Vascular bundles are. generally found at the boundary between the palisade and the spongy regions. The vascular bundle in midrib region is largest. Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and closed. Each vascular bundle is surrounded by a bundle sheath of parenchymatous cells. In the vascular bundle, xylem is present towards upper epidermis and phloem towards lower epidermis. Further in xylem, protoxylem is towards upper epidermis.
3.0NCERT Class 11 Biology – Chapter-Wise Solutions & Explanations
Get Class 11 Biology NCERT Solutions of all questions chapter-wise from your NCERT Book. Important concept learning, revision of essential areas and strengthening of biology basics for exam preparation.
4.0Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Biology Chapter 6
- Comparative Anatomy: Clear comparisons of monocot and dicot roots, stems, and leaves to help students understand their structural differences.
- Microscopic Details: Simple explanations of specialised cells such as bulliform cells in monocot leaves and companion cells in phloem.
- Secondary Growth: Step-by-step explanation of the role of the vascular cambium and cork cambium in secondary growth and why it is generally absent in monocots.
- Xylem Arrangement: Clear explanation of endarch and exarch conditions of xylem and their arrangement in different plant organs.
- Diagram-Based Learning: Helps students understand and interpret T.S. (Transverse Section) diagrams by identifying the arrangement of different tissues.
- Prepared by Expert Faculty: Prepared by ALLEN subject experts with clear explanations based on the concepts covered in NCERT Class 11 Biology Chapter 6.